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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

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FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
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FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

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Ac transposition is impaired by a small terminal deletion.

Y-L Xiao1, T Peterson

  • 1Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Department of Zoology and Genetics, 2206 Molecular Biology Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Molecular Genetics and Genomics : MGG
|January 26, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A modified maize Ac transposable element with a 3' end deletion shows significantly reduced excision frequency. This P1-vv5145 allele offers a stable source of Ac transposase for controlling Ds transposition in genetic research.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • The P1-vv allele in maize features an Ac transposable element in the P1-rr gene, leading to variegated pericarp and cob pigmentation.
  • Transposable elements, like Ac, play crucial roles in genome evolution and gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel maize allele, P1-vv5145, with altered pigmentation and Ac element behavior.
  • To investigate the impact of modifications at the 3' end of the Ac element on its transposition activity.
  • To explore the potential of P1-vv5145 as a tool for controlling Ds transposition.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic crosses involving the P1-vv5145 allele and a Ds tester stock.
  • Phenotypic analysis of pericarp and cob pigmentation.
  • Molecular characterization of the Ac element and flanking sequences in P1-vv5145.
  • Quantification of Ac excision and Ds transposition frequencies.

Main Results:

  • The P1-vv5145 allele exhibits an extremely light variegated phenotype.
  • A 2-bp deletion at the 3' end of the Ac element (Ac5145) and adjacent p1 intron sequence was identified.
  • Ac excision from P1-vv5145 is 3800-fold less frequent than from the progenitor P1-vv allele.
  • Despite reduced excision, P1-vv5145 effectively induces Ds transposition, indicating normal transposase function.

Conclusions:

  • Alteration of the 3' terminal base of the Ac element significantly impairs its excision.
  • The P1-vv5145 allele serves as a valuable and relatively stable source of Ac transposase for genetic experiments.
  • The study provides insights into the mechanisms of Ac transposition and the formation of one-sided deletions.