Nozzle design parameters and their effects on rapid sample delivery in flow cytometry

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry
• Fluid Dynamics

Background:

• Rapid kinetic and high throughput flow cytometry are increasingly vital in biotechnology.
• Advancements in sample delivery have highlighted the importance of fluidic considerations.
• Optimizing fluidics is key for new applications like mechanistic analysis and high throughput screening.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a predictive model for fluidic parameters in rapid sample delivery.
• To optimize equipment for faster particle analysis in flow cytometry.
• To enable millisecond-time-frame analysis for rapid reactions.

Main Methods:

• Derived a fluidic model based on basic fluidic premises to predict nozzle effects.
• Tested the model using a rapid mix flow cytometer.
• Modified equipment based on model predictions to enhance performance.

Main Results:

• The model accurately predicted that shorter nozzles with wide exit orifices reduce analysis delay and fluidic stabilization time.
• Model-based modifications enabled particle analysis within 55 ms (with gating) and 600 ms (without gating) after mixing.
• Achieved threefold reduction in reaction time frames compared to previous capabilities.

Conclusions:

• The developed model and equipment modifications significantly enhance rapid mix flow cytometry capabilities.
• The model facilitates nozzle design for millisecond-time-frame analysis.
• Findings are applicable to various rapid delivery systems, including high throughput flow cytometry.