Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

3.5K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
3.5K
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

5.2K
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
5.2K
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

1.7K
Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
1.7K
Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

7.0K
Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
7.0K
Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.5K
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

324
Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
324

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glucagon blockade restores functional β-cell mass in type 1 diabetic mice and enhances function of human islets.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021
Same author

Obesity dysregulates fasting-induced changes in glucagon secretion.

The Journal of endocrinology·2019
Same author

Glucagon Receptor Antagonism Improves Glucose Metabolism and Cardiac Function by Promoting AMP-Mediated Protein Kinase in Diabetic Mice.

Cell reports·2018
Same author

Dapagliflozin suppresses glucagon signaling in rodent models of diabetes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2017
Same author

Hypoglycemic Effect of Combined Ghrelin and Glucagon Receptor Blockade.

Diabetes·2017
Same author

Insulin and Glucagon: Partners for Life.

Endocrinology·2017
Same journal

Dupilumab Emerges as an Effective Antibody Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

CAR T Cell Toxicities and Emerging Treatment Strategies.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Rapidly Evolving Landscape.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Accessibility of Somatic Genetic Testing for Cancer Treatment Decisions.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease: Updates in Pathophysiology and Management.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Revascularization for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Disproving the 45-Year-Old Concept of Hibernating Myocardium.

Annual review of medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
08:18

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

12.2K

Lipotoxic diseases.

Roger H Unger1

  • 1Gifford Laboratories, Touchstone Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8854, USA. roger.unger@utsouthwestern.edu

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leptin regulates fat storage, preventing lipid buildup in non-fat tissues. Leptin deficiency or resistance causes metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease, due to fat accumulation and cell death.

More Related Videos

Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle
11:50

Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle

Published on: June 8, 2022

4.4K
Author Spotlight: Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment
07:12

Author Spotlight: Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment

Published on: June 2, 2023

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
08:18

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

12.2K
Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle
11:50

Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle

Published on: June 8, 2022

4.4K
Author Spotlight: Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment
07:12

Author Spotlight: Analysis of Fluorescent-Stained Lipid Droplets with 3D Reconstruction for Hepatic Steatosis Assessment

Published on: June 2, 2023

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Leptin is a key hormone regulating energy balance and lipid homeostasis.
  • Overnutrition can overwhelm the body's capacity to store fat, leading to lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues.
  • Dysregulation of leptin signaling contributes to various metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for leptin's role as a liporegulatory hormone.
  • To explore the consequences of impaired leptin action during overnutrition.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of lipotoxicity and potential therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on leptin, lipid metabolism, and metabolic diseases.
  • Analysis of evidence linking leptin deficiency/resistance to steatosis, lipotoxicity, and lipoapoptosis.
  • Examination of pathological pathways, including ceramide production and nitric oxide formation.

Main Results:

  • Leptin secretion increases with excess calorie intake to prevent lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues.
  • Leptin deficiency or resistance leads to generalized steatosis, lipotoxicity, and lipoapoptosis in organs like the pancreas, heart, and skeletal muscle.
  • These conditions manifest as type 2 diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and insulin resistance, collectively known as metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Leptin is crucial for maintaining lipid homeostasis in non-adipose tissues.
  • Impaired leptin function during overnutrition results in lipotoxicity and contributes to metabolic syndrome.
  • Therapeutic strategies like caloric restriction, thiazolidinediones, and nitric oxide blockers may prevent lipoapoptosis.