Cloning of the L-lactate dehydrogenase gene from the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium HD4

A clone from a Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 Lambda ZAP II genomic library was isolated by its ability to complement the anaerobic growth deficiency of an Escherichia coli (pfl, ldh) double mutant. The 1.0-kb insert from the clone was sequenced and revealed a single open reading frame (ORF, 957-bp) which was preceded by a putative Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence (AGGGGG). The potential SD sequence corresponded to 3' 16S rRNA sequences of various Selenomonas strains. The ORF was predicted to encode a protein of 318 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 34,975 Da and an isoelectric point of 5.54. In addition, the ORF contained 51 mol % G + C and this is consistent with the average G + C content (54%) of the S. ruminantium chromosome. The cloned S. ruminantium gene exhibited 59% nucleotide identity and 61% deduced amino acid similarity with L-lactate dehydrogenases (L-LDH) of Pediococcus acidilactici and Bacillus megaterium, respectively. Incorporation of the cloned S. ruminantium gene into E. coli DC1368 (pfl, ldh) restored anaerobic growth on glucose and L-LDH activity was detected in cell extracts. Because lactate accumulation within the rumen can be detrimental to animal performance, characterizing the gene(s) involved in lactate production by predominant ruminal bacteria will lead to a better understanding of lactate metabolism within the rumen.