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Aromatase--a brief overview.

Evan R Simpson1, Colin Clyne, Gary Rubin

  • 1Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. evan.simpson@med.monash.edu.au

Annual Review of Physiology
|February 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Estrogen and androgens have vital metabolic roles beyond reproduction. Declining androgen precursors in aging women may increase risks for bone loss and cognitive decline, unlike men.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Androgens and estrogens exert significant metabolic functions beyond reproduction, impacting vascular health, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone health.
  • In postmenopausal women, extragonadal tissues like breast, bone, vasculature, and brain produce estrogen locally via aromatase action, utilizing circulating C19 steroid precursors.
  • Age-related decline in androgenic precursors in women may contribute to increased risks of bone mineral loss, fracture, and cognitive decline compared to men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the extragonadal metabolic roles of androgens and estrogens.
  • To investigate the impact of declining androgen precursors on women's health with aging.
  • To highlight the potential for developing targeted therapies like selective aromatase modulators (SAMs).

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Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on androgen and estrogen metabolism.
  • Analysis of age-related changes in androgen precursor levels in women.
  • Discussion of aromatase expression regulation and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • Extragonadal estrogen synthesis plays a crucial role in local tissue function.
  • Reduced androgen precursors in aging women are linked to increased bone and cognitive risks.
  • Aromatase activity is tissue-specifically regulated by transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen and androgens are critical for metabolic health throughout life.
  • Targeting aromatase offers a potential therapeutic strategy for age-related conditions in women.
  • Selective aromatase modulators could selectively inhibit estrogen synthesis in specific tissues, preserving it in others like bone.