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Cigarette diffusion and sex differences in smoking.

F C Pampel1

  • 1Population Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0484, USA. fred.pampel@colorado.edu

Journal of Health and Social Behavior
|February 8, 2002
PubMed
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Gender equality does not explain the narrowing sex gap in smoking. Instead, the convergence in male and female smoking behaviors is linked to the historical diffusion of cigarette use across nations.

Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The narrowing sex differential in smoking and related mortality has been linked to increased gender equality.
  • An alternative hypothesis posits that this convergence is due to a lag in female cigarette adoption and diffusion patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to the convergence of smoking behaviors between men and women in European nations.
  • To test the 'cigarette diffusion' explanation against the 'gender equality' hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multilevel models to analyze data from 16 European nations.
  • Data collected spanned the period from 1988 to 1995.

Main Results:

  • Analysis provided consistent support for the 'cigarette diffusion' explanation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Smoking similarity between men and women was greater in nations with a longer history of cigarette use.

    • Conclusions:

    • The convergence in male and female smoking patterns is primarily driven by the historical diffusion of cigarette use, not by gender equality.
    • Findings suggest that the historical adoption and abatement patterns of cigarette use are key determinants of smoking differentials between sexes.