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Beyond parental education: Food insecurity, subjective first-generation identity, and mental health in college
Ezra Mutai1, Matthew J Bauman1
1Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN, USA.
Abstract:
Food insecurity is prevalent among college students and disproportionately burdens first-generation students. This study examined how food insecurity and first-generation identity-operationalized objectively (parental education) and subjectively (self-identification), relate to depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being among 344 students at a mid-sized public university. Food insecurity was the strongest predictor of all four outcomes (partial η2 = 0.064-0.096, all ps < 0.001). Neither objective nor subjective first-generation status independently predicted symptom severity after accounting for food insecurity. However, subjective first-generation identification significantly predicted food insecurity risk (χ2 = 9.75, p = 0.002) whereas objective classification did not (p = 0.088), and survived covariate adjustment (aOR = 1.81, p = 0.015). "Over-identifiers"-students who self-identified as first-generation despite having a college-educated parent-showed the highest food-insecurity prevalence (61.1%). These findings suggest incorporating subjective indicators of first-generation status can better identify at-risk students and inform more equitable mental health interventions within higher education.
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