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The reliability and validity of pain interference measures in persons with cerebral palsy
Erica J Tyler1, Mark P Jensen, Joyce M Engel
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-6490, USA.
Objective:
To evaluate the reliability and validity of 2 measures of pain interference in persons with cerebral palsy (CP).
Design:
Standardized interviews to assess pain and impact of pain on activities.
Setting:
University medical center.
Participants:
Fifty adults with CP.
Interventions:
Patients asked to rate pain's intensity, interference with general activities, and depression levels.
Main Outcome Measures:
Pain interference scales: Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); rating of disability: Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART); rating of depression: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale.
Results:
Mean interference of pain on 3 CPG items (pain interference with daily activities, social activities, work) were 1.74 +/- 2.45, 1.06 +/- 2.05, and.89 +/- 1.84 (out of 10), respectively. Mean interference on 10 modified BPI interference items ranged from 2.28 +/- 3.01 to 3.67 +/- 3.15 (out of 10). The composite CPG interference score did not correlate significantly with pain intensity. However, the composite BPI interference score did correlate significantly with pain intensity (r = .66, P < .01). There was no significant association shown between average pain and the CHART score (r = -.21, NS). Pain showed a significant association with CES-D score (r = .45, P < .05). Internal consistency of the 3 CPG items was inadequately low (Cronbach alpha = .59), whereas that of the 10 BPI items was excellent (.89).
Conclusions:
The pain interference items of the BPI serve as a reliable and valid measure of pain's impact on persons with CP-related pain.