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Selenium and the brain: a review.

P D Whanger1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA. phil.whanger@orst.edu

Nutritional Neuroscience
|February 15, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Selenium concentrates in the brain and influences its function, impacting mood and behavior. While essential for brain health, its deficiency affects thyroid hormones and antioxidant activity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for various physiological processes.
  • Brain selenium levels are influenced by its form, with selenomethionine being preferentially deposited.
  • The brain's response to selenium differs from other organs, particularly regarding antioxidant enzyme activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the deposition and function of selenium in the brain.
  • To understand the impact of selenium deficiency on brain health and neuroprotection.
  • To explore the relationship between selenium, thyroid hormones, and neurotransmission in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of selenium deposition and distribution in brain tissues.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase.
  • Evaluation of selenoprotein levels and expression in selenium-deficient models.
  • Investigation of the effects of selenium on neurotoxicity and neurotransmitter interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Selenomethionine is preferentially deposited in the brain compared to other selenium forms.
    • Vitamin E demonstrates a stronger effect than selenium in reducing brain lipid peroxidation.
    • Selenium deficiency impacts thyroid hormone homeostasis in the brain due to altered deiodinase activity and lipid peroxidation.
    • Selenoprotein P uptake increases in the brain during selenium deficiency, indicating a critical role.
    • Selenium influences hormonal compounds and neurotransmitters in the brain, potentially affecting mood and behavior.
    • Selenium mitigates neurotoxicity of heavy metals but can increase their brain accumulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium plays a vital role in brain function, neuroprotection, and neurotransmission.
    • Brain selenium status is critical for maintaining thyroid hormone balance and antioxidant defense.
    • Specific selenoproteins, like Selenoprotein P, have specialized functions in the brain.
    • Understanding selenium's neurobiological effects is crucial for cognitive health and managing neurotoxicity.