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Related Concept Videos

Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Plague01:24

Plague

Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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Related Experiment Video

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Direct Observation of Phagocytosis and NET-formation by Neutrophils in Infected Lungs using 2-photon Microscopy
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Direct Observation of Phagocytosis and NET-formation by Neutrophils in Infected Lungs using 2-photon Microscopy

Published on: June 2, 2011

Virus-induced asthma attacks.

David B Jacoby1

  • 1Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Room W7006, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. djacoby@jhmi.edu

JAMA
|February 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Viral respiratory infections frequently trigger asthma attacks by increasing airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Antiviral treatments and vaccines may offer future prevention and treatment strategies for asthma exacerbations.

Area of Science:

  • * Respiratory Medicine
  • * Immunology
  • * Virology

Background:

  • * Viral respiratory tract infections are a significant trigger for asthma exacerbations.
  • * Understanding the mechanisms linking viral infections to asthma is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • * Viral infections increase airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction in asthma patients.
  • * Neural control of airways is altered during viral infections, enhancing bronchoconstriction.
  • * Anticholinergic medications show increased efficacy during acute asthma attacks linked to viral infections.

Findings:

  • * Mechanisms underlying viral-induced asthma attacks involve neural pathway dysregulation.
  • * Current antiviral and vaccine development holds promise for managing asthma exacerbations.

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  • * Case study highlights severe bronchospasm and upper respiratory tract infection in an asthma patient.

    • Implications:

    • * Development of effective antiviral therapies and vaccines could revolutionize asthma management.
    • * Targeting viral infections may reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks.
    • * Improved understanding of neuro-immune interactions in viral-induced asthma is needed.