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[Field trial of combined measles and rubella live attenuated vaccine]
Yoshinao Takeuchi1, Takehiro Togashi, Keisuke Sunakawa
1Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital.
Insights
The live combined measles and rubella vaccine (HF vaccine) is safe and highly effective, demonstrating strong antibody responses in children. This combination vaccine offers a clinical advantage for immunization practices.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Measles and rubella are significant public health concerns, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
- Combined vaccines offer potential advantages in immunization schedules and coverage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a live combined measles and rubella vaccine (HF vaccine).
- To assess antibody responses and clinical adverse reactions in children following vaccination.
Main Methods:
- Investigated antibody responses and clinical adverse reactions in 442 healthy children (12-90 months).
- Analyzed paired sera from 368 children to determine seroconversion rates for measles and rubella.
- Monitored adverse events, including fever and rash, in 406 recipients.
Main Results:
- High seroconversion rates observed: 94.5% for measles and 96.7% for rubella.
- Common adverse reactions included febrile reactions (25.1%) and skin rash (21.4%), generally mild and short-lived.
- Severe adverse events, such as high fever (>39.5 C), were rare (0.5%).
Conclusions:
- The live combined measles and rubella vaccine (HF vaccine) is safe and immunogenic in children.
- The combined vaccine provides comparable efficacy to monovalent vaccines.
- This vaccine offers a clinical advantage for routine immunization programs.
Abstract:
We investigated the antibody responses and clinical adverse reactions after immunization with live combined measles and rubella vaccine (HF vaccine) in 442 healthy children, aged 12-90 months of age. We obtained 368 paired sera. Among them, 363 were initially sero-negative against measles virus and 343 (94.5%) became sero-positive after immunization. Sero-conversion against rubella virus was demonstrated in 349 (96.7%) of 361 initially sero-negatives against rubella virus. We investigated the clinical adverse reactions in 406 recipients. In 102 (25.1%) recipients, febrile reaction (> 37.5 C) developed on the day 6.7 of vaccination on average, with a mean duration of 2.2 days. Only two (0.5%) developed high body temperature over 39.5 C. Skin rash was noted in 87 (21.4%) on day 7.1 of vaccination on average, with a mean duration of 4.8 days. Lymphoadenopathy was demonstrated in 12 (3.0%). Thus, measles and rubella combined vaccine was safe and sufficiently immunogenic as well as each monovalent one, having clinical advantage in immunization practice.