The health of women with cerebral palsy

Over the past 10 years, there has been interest in describing the health and functional status of persons with CP. More recently, information specific to women with CP has become available. From these studies a better appreciation of the affect a lifelong primary disability such as CP has on an individual's life has developed. An understanding of aging with a disability, secondary conditions, associated conditions, comorbidities, and health have promoted a health and wellness agenda for women and men with CP. Women with CP are generally healthy. There appears to be no significant risk for any specific comorbiditv from CP. Women may note a modest change in function over time that may represent issues of aging, but there should be no dramatic loss of function. Any loss of function must be evaluated further for cause, and cannot be attributed to aging alone. Common secondary conditions and health issues include pain and musculoskeletal issues, bladder and bowel problems, poor dental hygiene, and possibly gastroesophageal reflux. Osteoporosis at all ages from limited mobility (secondary osteoporosis) likely is common, but only recently has bone densitometry been used for more routine evaluations; consequently, no data are available in women with CP regarding this. All health issues should be evaluated and appropriate intervention prescribed. There appear to be no significant reproductive health issues for women with CF. Women should engage in all decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment. Women with CP likely participate in some healthy behaviors. However implementing health promotion programs requires some understanding of health behavior theories and models. It may not be enough to modify existing programs for accessibility (e.g., transportation, cost. environment). Engagement in health promotion programs by women with CP must take into account individual perceptions and values, social networks, a sense of personal control, and a readiness to change attitude toward changing lifestyles.