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[A research of infant refraction in Kunming Municipality]
Insights
Early detection and correction of refractive errors in infants are crucial for preventing amblyopia and strabismus. This study highlights the prevalence of ametropia and its changes with age in young children.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Refractive Error Research
Context:
- Infant vision screening is essential for early detection of refractive errors.
- Understanding the prevalence and progression of ametropia in infants informs clinical practice.
- Amblyopia and strabismus prevention strategies rely on timely intervention.
Purpose:
- To investigate infant refraction patterns through mass screening.
- To identify and quantify ametropia (refractive errors) in children aged 1 month to 3 years.
- To establish the basis for early correction of refractive errors to prevent amblyopia and strabismus.
Summary:
- Retinoscopy after tropicamide cycloplegia was performed on 2,291 eyes of 1,146 infants.
- Prevalence: 93.37% hypermetropia, 3.88% emmetropia, 1.66% myopia, 24.44% astigmatism.
- Age-related trends observed: decreasing hypermetropia and astigmatism, increasing myopia with age.
Impact:
- Highlights the high prevalence of hypermetropia and astigmatism in infants.
- Emphasizes the need for early intervention, particularly for moderate to severe ametropia, to prevent visual impairment.
- Supports the initiation of amblyopia and strabismus prevention programs during infancy.
Objective:
To study the infant refraction, detect ametropia in mass screening refraction and correct the ametropia properly for the treatment and prevention of amblyopia and strabismus as early as possible.
Methods:
The refraction status of 1 146 children (2 291 eyes, aged 1 month -3 years) were determined with retinoscopy after tropicamide cycloplegia.
Results:
The results of statistics showed that 89 eyes (3.88%) had emmetropia, 2 139 eyes (93.37%) hypermetropia, 38 eyes (1.66%) myopia, 560 eyes (24.44%) astigmatism and 25 eyes (1.09%) mixed astigmatism. In cases with ametropia, most of them were mild, and 97 eyes (4.23%) were moderate and severe. Anisometropia occurred in 34 infants (2.97%), and 7 infants (11 eyes, 0.48%) had strabismus. The degree of hypermetropia decreased with the increase of age. The percentage of astigmatism decreased with the age increase (chi(2) = 7.46, P<0.01), and the degree of astigmatism also decreased with the age increase (chi(2) = 26.1l, P < 0.01). Myopia increased with the age increase (chi(2) = 4.06, P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The prevention of amblyopia and strabismus in children should begin at the infant period, and the cases with moderate and severe ametropia should wear eye glasses as early as possible.