Effect of losartan in aging-related endothelial impairment

Aging is associated with progressive deterioration in endothelial function. We hypothesized that losartan may represent a useful therapeutic strategy to ameliorate endothelial function in aged subjects. Eighteen healthy older subjects (mean age 75 +/- 3 years) were prospectively randomized in a double-blind, crossover fashion to receive either losartan 50 mg/day or placebo for 6 weeks. Subjects were switched to the opposite arm after a 2- week washout period. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), moncocyte chemoattractant 1 protein, and E-selectin were measured in both arms at the beginning and end of the 6-week period. Losartan resulted in a 6-mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure (from 130 +/- 12 to 124 +/- 13 mm Hg), which was no different from placebo (132 +/- 12 to 127 +/- 13 mm Hg). FMD increased from 3.1 +/- 0.6% to 3.9 +/- 0.6% after losartan, and decreased from 3.3 +/- 0.3% to 2.4 +/- 0.6% after placebo (p = NS for both). In contrast, losartan reduced circulating concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (750 +/- 73 to 572 +/- 39), ICAM (405 +/- 26 to 196 +/- 10), and moncocyte chemoattractant 1 protein (560 +/- 56 to 423 +/- 35) (p <0.01 for all by analysis of variance), but not E-selectin. On univariate analyses, the strongest predictor of baseline endothelial function and change in FMD with losartan was low-density lipoprotein. There was a negative correlation between baseline endothelial function and change in FMD in response to losartan (r(2) = -0.75, p = 0.0003). Baseline ICAM levels alone significantly correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r(2) = 0.54, p = 0.02) and weakly correlated with total cholesterol (r(2) = 0.47, p = 0.05). Thus, administration of losartan for a duration of 6 weeks has favorable effects on inflammatory markers in healthy older subjects, but does not alter peripheral conduit endothelial function.