Fast proton spectroscopic imaging with high signal-to-noise ratio: spectroscopic RARE

A new fast spectroscopic imaging (SI) method is presented which is based on spatial localization by the fast MRI method of rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) and encoding of the chemical shift information by shifting the position of a refocusing 180 pulse in a series of measurements. This method is termed spectroscopic RARE. In contrast to spectroscopic ultrafast low-angle RARE (U-FLARE), the formation of two echo families (odd and even) is suppressed by using a train of 180 RF pulses with an internal four-step phase cycle. By this means a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per unit measurement time is obtained, because the separation of odd and even echoes, as well as dummy echoes to stabilize the echo amplitudes, is not needed anymore. The method is of particular interest for detecting signals of coupled spins, as effective homonuclear decoupling can be achieved by use of constant evolution time chemical shift encoding. The pulse sequence was implemented on a 4.7 T imaging system, tested on phantoms, and applied to the healthy rat brain in vivo. Spectroscopic RARE is particularly useful if T2* double less-than sign T2, which is typically fulfilled for in vivo proton SI measurements at high magnetic field strength.