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Cognitive impairment, no dementia: concepts and issues.
H A Tuokko1, R J Frerichs, B Kristjansson
1University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
International Psychogeriatrics
|March 15, 2002
Summary
This study identifies individuals with cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) who are at higher risk for developing dementia. Identifying these at-risk individuals is crucial for future interventions and dementia prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Neurology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Mild cognitive impairment is a precursor to dementia.
- Accurate identification of individuals at risk for dementia is critical for timely intervention.
- Existing criteria for cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) have limitations in application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the concept of CIND.
- To address challenges in applying existing CIND criteria to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) data.
- To present a procedure for identifying a subgroup of CIND cases at risk for dementia.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA).
- Applied informant reports of cognitive changes.
- Incorporated neuropsychologists' ratings of mild to severe deficits across eight cognitive domains.
Main Results:
- Approximately half of CIND cases were identified as "at risk" for dementia.
- A minority of identified CIND cases presented with memory impairment only.
- Most individuals identified with CIND demonstrated cognitive decline over a five-year period.
Conclusions:
- Developed a conceptual framework for identifying individuals with CIND most likely to progress to dementia.
- Highlights the importance of informant reports and detailed cognitive assessments.
- Provides a basis for future research and clinical identification of at-risk populations.