Computer automated approach to the extraction of epiphyseal regions in hand radiographs

Epiphyseal region is the most sensitive region to developmental changes of the skeletal system. Extraction of this area is the very first step in any computerized image analysis. In this report a fully automated analysis of a hand radiograph resulting in extraction of distal and middle regions of the II, III, and IV phalanx is presented. The processing is performed in 3 stages. First, the trend of background is removed from radiograph to obtain a binary hand mask. At this stage a labeling procedure is necessary to eliminate artifacts (markers). Then, II, III, and IV phalanges are identified in the binary image, and the phalangeal axes are drawn. Finally, the intensity profile along each phalangeal axis is analyzed, and, on its basis, distal and middle regions are located. The presented procedure is designed as a part of currently developed system for automatic bone age assessment; however, it also can be as a preprocessing step in other diseases the diagnoses of which may require a computer assistance.