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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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How nucleotide excision repair protects against cancer

E C Friedberg1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-9072, USA. errol.friedberg@utsouthwestern.edu

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|March 20, 2002
PubMed

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...