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Related Experiment Videos

Selection, load and inbreeding depression in a large metapopulation.

Michael C Whitlock1

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. whitlock@zoology.ubc.ca

Genetics
|March 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Population subdivision impacts species evolution by altering selection efficacy. This structure can increase or decrease evolutionary response, affecting allele frequencies and fitness.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Species subdivision into local populations alters evolutionary trajectories.
  • Population structure influences the effectiveness of natural selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how population subdivision affects the response to selection.
  • To determine the impact of population structure on allele frequencies and fitness.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of selection efficacy in subdivided versus undivided populations.
  • Modeling the effects of dominance, selection intensity (hard vs. soft), and population structure (FST).

Main Results:

  • Population subdivision increases homozygosity, enhancing selection on homozygous effects.

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  • Subdivision can increase inbreeding and competition among relatives, potentially reducing selection efficacy.
  • Subdivision generally reduces the frequency of deleterious alleles and mutation load, especially for recessive alleles.
  • Effects are more pronounced under hard selection compared to soft selection.

    • Conclusions:

    • Population subdivision has complex effects on evolutionary response, which can be either positive or negative.
    • Subdivision can decrease mutation load and inbreeding depression.
    • Population structure is a critical factor in determining equilibrium fitness between mutation and selection.