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Solid-state properties of creatine monohydrate.

Alekha K Dash1, Yoonsun Mo, Abira Pyne

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA. adash@creighton.edu

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|March 29, 2002
PubMed
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Creatine monohydrate loses water to form a new phase around 100°C, which then transforms into creatinine above 230°C. These solid-state transformations are rapid and influenced by kinetics.

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Nutritional science
  • Materials characterization

Background:

  • Creatine monohydrate (CM) is a popular ergogenic aid for athletes, known to enhance lean body mass and performance.
  • While its crystal structure is known, detailed information on CM's solid-state properties and thermal behavior is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the solid-state properties of creatine monohydrate.
  • To investigate the thermal transformations and phase transitions of CM using various analytical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Thermal Analyses (TGA/DSC)
  • Karl-Fischer Titrimetry (KFT)
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
  • Variable Temperature X-ray Powder Diffractometry (VTXRD)

Related Experiment Videos

  • Mass Spectrometry (MS)

    • Main Results:

    • CM undergoes dehydration at approximately 97-125°C, forming a new solid phase.
    • Further heating above 230°C leads to intramolecular cyclization, producing creatinine with loss of water.
    • VTXRD confirmed these transformations are kinetically driven and occur within a narrow temperature range.
    • MS suggested potential dimerization of creatinine at elevated temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • The study elucidates the thermal degradation pathway of creatine monohydrate, involving dehydration and subsequent cyclization to creatinine.
    • Solid-state transformations are rapid and kinetically controlled, providing crucial data for understanding CM stability.
    • Findings contribute to the knowledge of creatine monohydrate's behavior under thermal stress, relevant for supplement formulation and storage.