Patch/matrix patterns of gray matter differentiation in the telencephalon of chicken and mouse

The mammalian striatum, a subpallial area, consists of two compartments (patches/striosomes and matrix) that differ in their neuronal birth dates, connectivity, neurochemistry, and molecular make-up. For example, members of the cadherin family of adhesion molecules (cadherin-8 and OL-protocadherin) are differentially expressed by the striosomes and the striatal matrix. A patch/matrix type of organization also has recently been found in the ventral hyperstriatum and the neostriatum of the chicken pallium, where cell clusters of similar birthdates ("isochronic" clusters) are surrounded by a matrix of cells that are born at a different time. Immunostaining with antibodies against cadherins reveals a similar arrangement of cell clusters. In the avian neostriatum, cadherin-7-positive cell clusters ("islands") are surrounded by a matrix of cells that express R-cadherin. The islands coincide, at least in part, with the isochronic cell clusters, as shown by pulse-labeling with bromodeoxyuridine. Likewise, isochronic clusters of the hyperstriatum ventrale relate to patchy heterogeneities in the cadherin-7 immunoreactivity pattern. Cadherins are known to mediate the aggregation and sorting of cells during development in many organs. Their differential expression by isochronic cell populations in the mammal subpallium and avian pallium suggests a common morphogenetic mechanism that regulates the formation of the patch/matrix patterns in these regions.