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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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Imidazopyridinium and pyridopyrimidium bromides: synthesis and hydrolysis
Kevin S Huang1, Makhluf J Haddadin, Mark J Kurth
1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Abstract:
The reactions of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2,2'-dipyridylamines with 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,3-dibromopropane give imidazopyridinium and pyridopyrimidium bromides, respectively. These acetone/CH(2)Cl(2)-insoluble, highly fluorescent quaternary ammonium salts undergo addition/ring opening upon treatment with methanolic KOH to give pyridin-2-one derivatives. A sequential N,N-dialkylation/ring-opening hydrolysis/N,N-dialkylation/ring-opening hydrolysis strategy was developed for the construction of unsymmetrical bis(pyridin-2-ones).
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