Maximum shortening velocity and myosin heavy-chain isoform expression in human masseter muscle fibers

While human masseter muscle is known to have unusual co-expression of myosin heavy-chain proteins, cellular kinetics of individual fibers has not yet been tested. Here we examine if myosin heavy-chain protein content is closely correlated to fiber-shortening speed, as previously reported in other human muscles, or if these proteins do not correlate well to shortening speeds, as has been demonstrated previously in rat muscle. Slack-test recordings of single, skinned human masseter fibers at 15 degrees C revealed maximum shortening velocities generally slower and much more variable than those recorded in human limb muscle. The slowest fiber recorded had a maximum shortening velocity (V0) value of 0.027 muscle lengths x s(-1), several times slower than the slowest type I fibers previously measured in humans. By contrast, human limb muscle controls produced V0 measurements comparable with previously published results. Analysis by gel electrophoresis found 63% of masseter fibers to contain pure type I MyHC and the remainder to co-express mostly type I in various combinations with IIA and IIX isoforms. V0 in masseter fibers forms a continuum in which no clear relationship to MyHC isoform content is apparent.