Cancer genetics and women's health

It is now known that all cancer is genetic in origin. Although most cancer occurs by chance, approximately 5% of individuals inherit specific genetic mutations that predispose them to cancer. The genetic characteristics of some cancers are known. Such information can be useful to health care providers in the clinical setting for treatment, early detection, and prevention. This article reviews basic carcinogenesis as well as genetic syndromes that predispose women to breast, ovarian, colorectal, and endometrial cancer. Knowledge of hereditary cancer syndromes and familiarity with them will assist the advanced practice nurse in the management of patients who are at risk. Cancer continues to contribute substantially to the mortality of women in all age groups. Knowledge of these syndromes provides an excellent opportunity to decrease mortality by early detection and prevention.