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Polymorphic CAG/CAA repeat length in the AIB1/SRC-3 gene and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control
Ann W Hsing1, Anand P Chokkalingam, Yu-Tang Gao
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852-7234, USA. hsinga@exchange.nih.gov
Summary
Shorter CAG repeat lengths in the AIB1/SRC-3 gene are linked to increased prostate cancer risk in Chinese men. Combining AIB1/SRC-3 and androgen receptor (AR) gene repeat lengths may help identify high-risk individuals.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Prostate cancer incidence is lowest in China, yet genetic factors influencing risk are under investigation.
- Androgen receptor (AR) coactivators, like AIB1/SRC-3, play a role in AR transactivation and may influence prostate cancer development.
- Previous studies linked shorter CAG repeat lengths in the AR gene to increased prostate cancer risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between CAG/CAA repeat length polymorphism in the AIB1/SRC-3 gene and prostate cancer risk in a Chinese population.
- To evaluate the combined effect of AIB1/SRC-3 and AR gene CAG repeat lengths on prostate cancer risk.
Main Methods:
- A population-based case-control study was conducted with 189 prostate cancer patients and 301 healthy controls from China.
- Genomic DNA was analyzed using PCR-based assays to determine CAG/CAA repeat lengths in the AIB1/SRC-3 and AR genes.
- Statistical analysis, including odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI), was used to assess risk associations.
Main Results:
- A significant 81% excess risk of prostate cancer was observed in individuals homozygous for <29 CAG/CAA repeats in the AIB1/SRC-3 gene (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.00-3.28).
- Men with both the <29/<29 AIB1/SRC-3 genotype and a short AR gene CAG repeat length (<23) showed a 2.8-fold increased risk (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.24-6.26) compared to those with the 29/29 AIB1/SRC-3 genotype and long AR CAG repeats.
Conclusions:
- The CAG/CAA repeat length polymorphism in the AIB1/SRC-3 gene may be associated with prostate cancer risk in Chinese men.
- Combined analysis of CAG repeat lengths in both AIB1/SRC-3 and AR genes could serve as a valuable marker for clinically significant prostate cancer.
- Further research in diverse populations is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the role of hormone-related genes in prostate cancer etiology.