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Sexual selection driving diversification in jumping spiders.

Susan E Masta1, Wayne P Maddison

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. smasta@sfsu.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 4, 2002
PubMed
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Sexual selection drives rapid divergence in male traits in jumping spiders, potentially leading to speciation. This study provides genetic and behavioral evidence for this process in Habronattus pugillis.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sexual selection theory predicts accelerated speciation, particularly in female choice systems.
  • Prezygotic reproductive isolation traits are key targets of sexual selection, potentially driving rapid divergence.
  • Empirical evidence documenting this process has been challenging to obtain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of sexual selection in driving phenotypic divergence and early speciation in the jumping spider Habronattus pugillis.
  • To provide genetic and behavioral evidence for sexual selection acting on male traits.
  • To develop and apply a novel gene-tree-based method for inferring selection on phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of male behavior and morphology across Habronattus pugillis populations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Genetic analysis using a gene-tree-based method to compare phenotypic and neutral genetic divergence.
  • Behavioral experiments assessing female response and offspring viability in inter-population crosses.
  • Population genetic simulations to validate the inference of selection.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant divergence in male traits associated with sexual selection was observed among populations.
    • Evidence of reduced female response and offspring viability in some between-population crosses suggests early speciation.
    • Statistical analysis confirmed directional selection on male traits, with fixation rates exceeding those of neutral mitochondrial genes.
    • The developed gene-tree method robustly identified selection acting on male phenotypes targeted by female choice.

    Conclusions:

    • Sexual selection is a significant driver of phenotypic divergence in Habronattus pugillis.
    • The observed trait divergence is consistent with the early stages of speciation.
    • This study provides strong empirical support for the theory linking sexual selection to rapid speciation.