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Updated: Oct 1, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Sleep apnoea in infancy and childhood. Considering two possible causes: obstruction and neuromuscular disorders

Neil Gordon1

  • 1Huntlywood, 3 Styal Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AE, UK. neil-gordon@doctors.org.uk

Brain & Development
|April 6, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children presents differently by age, with diagnosis and treatment varying. Children with neuromuscular disorders are at higher risk for this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep apnoea in infancy and childhood is a significant concern.
  • Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has diverse causes and presentations.
  • Neuromuscular disorders place children at increased risk for sleep apnoea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in pediatric patients.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and confirmation methods for OSAS.
  • To explore treatment options for pediatric OSAS.
  • To highlight sleep apnoea risks in children with neuromuscular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children.
  • Analysis of clinical differences based on patient age.
  • Discussion of diagnostic difficulties and confirmation techniques.
  • Review of medical and surgical treatment modalities.
  • Focus on sleep apnoea in pediatric patients with neuromuscular disorders (neuropathies, myopathies, neuromuscular junction disorders).

Main Results:

  • Clinical presentation and challenges in diagnosing OSAS vary with age.
  • Effective medical and surgical treatments are available for pediatric OSAS.
  • Children with neuromuscular disorders represent a high-risk group for sleep apnoea.
  • Specific neuromuscular conditions like Duchenne muscular dystrophy increase susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding age-dependent OSAS characteristics is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • A comprehensive approach to treatment, including medical and surgical options, is necessary.
  • Paediatric neurologists should be aware of the heightened risk of sleep apnoea in children with neuromuscular diseases.
  • Early identification and intervention are vital for improving outcomes in at-risk pediatric populations.

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