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Endotoxin-binding substances from human leukocytes and platelets.

G F Springer, J C Adye

    Infection and Immunity
    |November 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human immune cells like platelets and leukocytes bind toxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lipid extracts from these cells, particularly glycerophosphatides, show significant LPS-binding activity, suggesting a role for lipids in endotoxin interaction.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry
    • Lipidomics

    Background:

    • Gram-negative bacteria produce toxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
    • Human blood cells, including platelets, granulocytes, and mononuclear leukocytes, interact with LPS.
    • Understanding LPS-binding mechanisms is crucial for immune response and therapeutic strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize the components within human platelets and leukocytes responsible for binding lipopolysaccharide.
    • To investigate the nature of endotoxin-binding activity in these cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Extraction of human platelets and leukocytes using n-butanol-water.
    • Analysis of the organic phase for endotoxin-binding activity.
    • Characterization of the chemical composition of active extracts using solubility and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

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  • Testing of lipid A and its derivatives for inhibitory effects on endotoxin binding.

    • Main Results:

    • Whole human platelets, granulocytes, and mononuclear leukocytes exhibit high affinity for bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
    • Endotoxin-binding activity was localized to the n-butanol-water organic phase extract.
    • The most active components were glycerophosphatides, soluble in petroleum ether, indicating a lipidic nature.
    • Lipid A and its de-O-acylated derivative demonstrated significant inhibition of endotoxin binding to erythrocytes.

    Conclusions:

    • Lipids, particularly glycerophosphatides, are key components in human platelets and leukocytes responsible for binding bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
    • The lipid A moiety of endotoxins plays a critical role in the interaction with host cells.
    • These findings suggest a novel mechanism for endotoxin recognition and interaction involving cellular lipids.