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Genes, environment, and exercise.

F W Booth1, D R Vyas

  • 1Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 13, 2002
PubMed
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Environmental factors and genetic predispositions interact to influence disease development. Physical inactivity, a key environmental factor, contributes to type 2 diabetes by affecting skeletal muscle glucose uptake.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Environmental Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The concept of "environment" has evolved to encompass genetic sequencing and lifestyle behaviors.
  • Interactions between environmental factors and susceptibility genes can trigger diseases requiring medical intervention.
  • Specific examples include gene-environment interactions in cystic fibrosis and asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of environmental-gene interactions in disease etiology.
  • To examine the contribution of physical inactivity to the type 2 diabetes epidemic.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle glucose uptake in response to physical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on environmental influences on gene expression and disease.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in skeletal muscle glucose transport.
  • Comparison of signaling pathways for glucose uptake stimulated by contractile activity, insulin, and hypoxia.

    • Main Results:

    • Environmental lifestyle components interact with susceptibility genes, leading to disease.
    • Physical inactivity is linked to reduced GLUT4 protein in the sarcolemma and impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
    • Contractile activity enhances glucose uptake via pathways distinct from insulin signaling but similar to hypoxia-induced uptake.

    Conclusions:

    • Gene-environment interactions are critical determinants of disease.
    • Physical inactivity significantly contributes to type 2 diabetes through effects on skeletal muscle metabolism.
    • Understanding these pathways offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.