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Protein-water interactions.

V Adrian Parsegian1

  • 1Laboratory of Physical and Structural Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

International Review of Cytology
|April 16, 2002
PubMed
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Water transport across membranes is driven by forces influencing protein interactions. Solutes affect water activity, impacting macromolecular behavior and stability through osmotic stress.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Water transport across biological membranes and tissues is fundamental to cellular function.
  • Macromolecules interact with water, influencing their behavior and stability.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to comprehending cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the forces driving water transport in relation to proteins and macromolecules.
  • To analyze how solutes and macromolecular assemblies respond to osmotic stress.
  • To provide a thermodynamic framework for interpreting these water-solute-macromolecule interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Thermodynamic analysis of water-solute-macromolecule interactions.
  • Examination of model systems including dissolved proteins (bovine serum albumin), ion channels (VDAC, alamethicin), and hemoglobin.

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  • Investigation of macromolecular assemblies under osmotic stress from excluded solutes.

    • Main Results:

    • Dissolved proteins and ion channels modulate water content based on solute identity and water activity, not just concentration.
    • Hemoglobin's oxygen loading is sensitive to the chemical potential of water.
    • Macromolecular assemblies counteract dehydration via strong intermolecular forces in response to osmotic stress.

    Conclusions:

    • Water activity, rather than solute concentration, is a critical determinant in solute-macromolecule interactions.
    • The observed phenomena highlight the significant role of water's chemical potential in biological systems.
    • A thermodynamic perspective offers practical insights into interpreting these complex interactions.