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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Real-time Imaging of Leukotriene B4 Mediated Cell Migration and BLT1 Interactions with β-arrestin

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[Study on relationship between leukotrienes and exercise-induced asthma].

Tieying Sun¹, Yanfei Guo, Hongsheng Zhang

¹Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi

|April 16, 2002

Summary

Leukotrienes (LT) play a key role in exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Blocking the cysteinyl LT receptor with Zafirlukast significantly reduced EIA symptoms and improved lung function recovery after exercise challenges.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Pharmacology
Biochemistry

Background:

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a common condition.
Leukotrienes (LT) are implicated in airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) levels and EIA.
To evaluate the efficacy of Zafirlukast, a cysteinyl LT receptor antagonist, in mitigating EIA.

Main Methods:

Twenty-two asthmatic patients and 10 healthy controls were enrolled.
Urinary LTE4 levels were measured before and after exercise challenge.
Subjects received Zafirlukast or placebo, followed by a repeat exercise challenge.

Main Results:

Urinary LTE4 levels were significantly elevated in asthmatic patients post-exercise compared to pre-exercise and healthy controls.
Zafirlukast treatment significantly reduced the area under the FEV(1) fall curve and the maximum percentage fall in FEV(1).
Zafirlukast also shortened the time to FEV(1) recovery after exercise.

Conclusions:

Increased urinary LTE4 post-exercise suggests a role in EIA pathogenesis.
Zafirlukast effectively attenuates EIA, supporting the role of leukotrienes in this condition.