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Evaluation of the usability of two types of image display systems, during laparoscopy
M A Veelen1, J J Jakimowicz, R H M Goossens
1Faculty of Design, Engineering and Production, Subfaculty Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 9, 2628 BX, Delft, The Netherlands. m.a.vanveelan@io.tudelf.nl
Background:
This study was performed to assess the optimal display location of a flat-screen monitor for laparoscopy. It was also performed to assess the posture (objective), opinion, and preference (subjective) of subjects using a flat-screen monitor positioned in the optimal display location and a cathode-ray tube monitor on a tower next to the operating table (current situation).
Methods:
Twelve surgeons performed cholecystectomies using the two display systems alternately. The postures of the operator and the assistant were assessed by an infrared video analysis system.
Results:
The posture of the assistant is significantly better when using a flat-screen monitor [more neutral head flexions (p = 0.036) and neutral neck torsions (p = 0.012)]. No significant differences were found for the posture of the operator. The operators and assistants felt more comfortable when using a flat-screen monitor (p = 0.008) and they preferred this display to the use of a monitor on a tower.
Conclusions:
The use of flat-screen monitors is better for the physical and psychological comfort of the users, even though the technical performance is inferior in comparison with that of regular monitors.