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[Mumps virus and orchitis: towards a physiopathologic approach]
Thomas Mouchel1, Ronan Le Goffic, Jean-Jacques Patard
1INSERM-U.435-GERM, Campus de Beaulieu, Université de Rennes, France.
Abstract:
Mumps orchitis is a dreaded complication of mumps is pubescent men. The literature on this subject includes epidemiological, clinical, histological and endocrine findings, indicating a marked variability of the clinical features from one patient to another, an alteration of endocrine function that can persist in the long term and finally post-mumps infertility, which is exceptional. On the other hand, relatively few studies have investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms, and suggest replication of the mumps virus in the testis. Based on these data from the literature, this article reviews or proposes various hypotheses concerning the various pathophysiological aspects of this disease and discusses the lines of research that could advance the current knowledge in order to improve the therapeutic management of patients, while also providing a better knowledge of the mumps virus and basic testicular physiology.
Insights
Mumps orchitis in pubescent males can lead to long-term endocrine dysfunction and rare infertility. This review explores the pathophysiology of mumps virus replication in the testis to improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Endocrinology
- Pathophysiology
Context:
- Mumps orchitis is a significant complication in pubescent males.
- Existing literature covers epidemiology, clinical, histological, and endocrine findings.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms, particularly viral replication in the testis, are less understood.
Purpose:
- To review and propose hypotheses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of mumps orchitis.
- To discuss research directions for advancing knowledge.
- To improve therapeutic management and understanding of mumps virus and testicular physiology.
Summary:
- Mumps orchitis presents with variable clinical features and can cause persistent endocrine alterations.
- While post-mumps infertility is exceptional, viral replication within the testis is suggested as a key mechanism.
- This article synthesizes current knowledge and proposes future research avenues.
Impact:
- Enhance understanding of mumps virus-testis interactions.
- Guide future research to improve treatment strategies for mumps orchitis.
- Contribute to basic knowledge of testicular physiology and viral pathogenesis.