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Delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective evaluation.

Richard A Bryant1, Allison G Harvey

  • 1School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Austalia. r.bryant@unsw.edu.au

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
|May 2, 2002
PubMed
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Delayed onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can emerge even without initial symptoms. Survivors with elevated psychopathology and heart rate early on are at higher risk for developing delayed PTSD.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Trauma Studies
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Delayed onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as PTSD developing at least 6 months post-trauma.
  • Understanding the characteristics of individuals who develop delayed PTSD is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize individuals who develop delayed onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event.
  • To index the specific features associated with the delayed manifestation of PTSD.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective assessment of 103 motor vehicle accident survivors.
  • Evaluation for acute stress disorder within 1 month post-accident.
  • Follow-up assessments for PTSD at 6 months and 2 years post-accident, including measures of traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and resting heart rate.

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Main Results:

  • Five survivors developed PTSD at the 2-year mark, despite not meeting PTSD criteria at 6 months.
  • Delayed onset PTSD cases exhibited higher initial psychopathology and resting heart rate (1 month post-trauma).
  • Elevated psychopathology was also noted at the 6-month assessment in these delayed onset cases.

Conclusions:

  • Findings indicate that delayed onset PTSD may develop from subsyndromal posttraumatic stress levels.
  • This challenges the traditional view of PTSD onset occurring only after a symptom-free interval.
  • Early indicators like elevated psychopathology and heart rate may predict delayed PTSD development.