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T cells and aging, January 2002 update.

Graham Pawelec1, Yvonne Barnett, Ros Forsey

  • 1University of Tübingen, Center for Medical Research, ZMF, Waldhörnlestr. 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany. graham.pawelec@uni-tuebingen.de

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|May 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary

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Age-associated immune decline, or immunosenescence, affects T cells and impacts resistance to infection and cancer in the elderly. Understanding these changes can lead to interventions that improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related immune system decline (immunosenescence) increases susceptibility to infections and cancer in older adults.
  • Studies in various species show immunosenescence involves reduced humoral and cellular immune responses, with T cell aging being a key factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific basis and clinical relevance of factors contributing to T cell immunosenescence in humans.
  • To explore potential interventions for preventing or delaying immunosenescence and its associated health issues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on T cell aging and immunosenescence.
  • Focus on factors affecting T cell production, maturation, activation, and senescence.
  • Consideration of cross-species experimental data with caveats regarding human relevance.

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Main Results:

  • Immunosenescence is characterized by decreased T cell responses, influenced by factors like altered progenitor production, thymic involution, and impaired activation pathways.
  • Antigen-presenting cell function appears relatively preserved in the elderly, highlighting T cells as a critical focus.
  • Replicative senescence of clonally expanding cells also contributes to T cell aging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding T cell immunosenescence is crucial given the growing elderly population and increasing morbidity.
  • Potential interventions include replacement or supplementation therapies to ameliorate immune dysregulation.
  • Improving quality of life and reducing healthcare costs are potential benefits of addressing immunosenescence.