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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Targeted Neuronal Injury for the Non-Invasive Disconnection of Brain Circuitry
10:58

Targeted Neuronal Injury for the Non-Invasive Disconnection of Brain Circuitry

Published on: September 27, 2020

Minimally invasive procedures. Interventional MR image-guided functional neurosurgery.

R M Chu1, R P Tummala, J Kucharczyk

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. ray.chu@stanfordalumni.org

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|May 9, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Intraoperative MR imaging enhances functional neurosurgery by improving accuracy and avoiding complications, offering a less constrained surgical experience. This advanced imaging technique is safe for use with deep brain stimulating electrodes.

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Conventional stereotactic methods in functional neurosurgery often rely on uncomfortable head frames.
  • Limitations exist in achieving high accuracy and avoiding complications with traditional stereotaxy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of intraoperative Magnetic Resonance (iMR) imaging techniques in functional neurosurgery.
  • To assess the benefits of iMR imaging over conventional stereotactic methods.

Main Methods:

  • Application of intraoperative MR imaging during functional neurosurgical procedures.
  • Integration of iMR imaging within an operating suite equipped for neurosurgery.

Main Results:

  • Intraoperative MR imaging significantly improves accuracy in functional neurosurgery.
  • Complication rates are reduced through the use of intraoperative imaging.
  • Safe operation of surgical equipment, including deep brain stimulating electrodes, is achievable in an iMR environment.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative MR imaging offers substantial benefits for functional neurosurgery, overcoming limitations of conventional stereotaxy.
  • The advantages of iMR imaging, including enhanced safety and accuracy, outweigh the minor inconveniences of the iMR environment.