[Cardiac tamponade as a complication of central line catheterization in newborns]

Two cases with cardiac tamponade in neonates, one of which eventuated in death, are presented. The total tamponade rate was 0.27%. Several hours after catheterization patients suddenly developed bradycardia, hypotension, and signs of decompensation, all within an hour. One patient died and the diagnosis was made at autopsy. In the other patient ultrasonography showed a clear echo-free space between the epicardium and pericardium, with the tip of the catheter in contact with the atrial wall. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis was performed under cardiographic guidance; 11 ml of hemorrhagic fluid containing 26 mmol/liter glucose were aspirated. The catheter tip was then repositioned to the vena cava superior. Hemodynamic status rapidly improved and this patient survived. A review of relevant publications is offered.