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[Dyspnea. I. Definition and pathophysiological problems].

A Balanova, S Surcheva, K Ichev

    Vutreshni Bolesti
    |May 11, 2002
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This review explores the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind dyspnea, or shortness of breath. It proposes three neuronal circuits to explain the subjective sensations and associated symptoms of dyspnea.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Neuroscience

    Context:

    • Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a complex sensation with significant diagnostic implications.
    • Understanding its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

    Purpose:

    • To analytically review the suspected pathophysiological mechanisms involved in dyspnea.
    • To present a scheme of these mechanisms, considering central nervous system anatomy and emotional regulation pathways.
    • To propose three neuronal circuits explaining the key manifestations of dyspnea.

    Summary:

    • The review focuses on the sensation of shortness of breath and its associated subjective signs like exertion, anxiety, and fear.
    • It integrates neuroanatomical relationships between respiratory control and emotional centers in the central nervous system.

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  • Three distinct neuronal circuits are hypothesized to explain the subjective experience, thoraco-pulmonary and cardiovascular symptoms, and associated voluntary muscle system involvement in dyspnea.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a framework for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of dyspnea.
    • May guide future research into the diagnosis and treatment of conditions causing shortness of breath.
    • Enhances the understanding of the interplay between respiratory, cardiovascular, and emotional systems in dyspnea.