Interactions of 3T3 fibroblasts and endothelial cells with defined pore features

The colonization of biodegradable polymer scaffolds with cell populations has been established as the foundation for the engineering of a number of tissues, including cartilage, liver, and bone. Within these scaffolds, the cells encounter a porous environment in which they must migrate across the convoluted polymer surface to generate a homogenous cell distribution. Predicting the interactions between cells and pores is important if scaffold characteristics are to be optimized. Therefore, we investigated the behavior of two model cell types over a range of defined pore features. These pore features range from 5 to 90 microm in diameter and have been fabricated by photolithographic techniques. Quantitatively, the behavior of the cells is dependent on three factors: 1) percentage cell coverage of the surface; 2) pore size; and 3) cell type. Fibroblast cells displayed a co-operative pattern of cell spreading in which pores with diameters greater than the cell dimensions were bridged by groups of cells using their neighbors as supports. Endothelial cells were unable to use neighbors as support structures and failed to bridge pores greater than the cell diameter.