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Related Experiment Videos

Evidence for a cascade model of lexical access in speech production.

Ezequiel Morsella1, Michele Miozzo

  • 1Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|May 23, 2002
PubMed
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Unselected words can influence spoken word production, supporting cascade models over serial models. This phonological priming effect in English suggests early access to word sounds during speech planning.

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Speech Production

Background:

  • The precise timing of phonological encoding during spoken word production is debated.
  • Serial models propose phonological encoding follows lexical selection, while cascade models suggest it can overlap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether unselected lexical information influences phonological encoding.
  • To differentiate between serial and cascade models of speech production.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the picture-picture interference paradigm with superimposed images.
  • English speakers named a target picture while ignoring a distractor picture.
  • Measured naming times for phonologically related versus unrelated distractors.

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Main Results:

  • Naming was facilitated when distractors were phonologically related to the target (e.g., bed-bell).
  • This phonological priming effect suggests interference from unselected lexical nodes.
  • The effect was not observed in Italian speakers using the same stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support cascade models, indicating phonological encoding can occur before lexical selection is complete.
  • The phonological priming effect appears dependent on the specific phonological properties of the stimuli and language.
  • This highlights the dynamic and interactive nature of spoken word production.