Gossypol: a contraceptive for men.

Area of Science:

• Natural Products Chemistry
• Reproductive Toxicology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Gossypol is a natural polyphenol pigment found in cotton plants (Gossypium sp.).
• It functions as a plant defense mechanism and exhibits antifertility properties in various species.
• Gossypol is present in cottonseed oil and has been investigated for its biological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the antifertility effects of gossypol in humans.
• To assess the tolerability and side effect profile of gossypol.
• To determine the reversibility of gossypol-induced infertility.

Main Methods:

• Clinical studies involving human subjects were conducted in China, Africa, and Brazil.
• Data on spermatogenesis, side effects, and reversibility were collected and analyzed.
• Dosage and tolerability were key parameters assessed.

Main Results:

• Gossypol effectively causes spermatogenesis arrest in men at relatively low doses.
• The substance is generally well-tolerated, with no significant side effects leading to discontinuation in recent trials.
• A notable concern is the lack of reversibility in over 20% of subjects, indicating potential permanent infertility.

Conclusions:

• Gossypol demonstrates significant antifertility effects in men.
• While generally safe, the risk of irreversible infertility necessitates careful patient selection.
• Gossypol is best suited for men who have completed their families or accept permanent infertility.