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Antiinfection immunity and autoimmunity.

Rolf M Zinkernagel¹

¹Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. rolf.zinkernagel@pty.usz.ch

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|May 22, 2002

Summary

Immune cell activation hinges on receptor binding avidity, antigen levels, and availability duration. Extralymphatic antigens released by infection can trigger autoimmune diseases, blurring the line between immunopathology and autoimmunity.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Autoimmunity

Background:

Immune responses of T and B cells are influenced by multiple factors.
Extralymphatic host cells or antigens can become immunologically relevant under certain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the factors influencing immune reactions.
To explore the origins of autoimmune diseases from extralymphatic sources.

Main Methods:

Literature review of immunological studies.
Analysis of factors affecting T and B cell activation thresholds.
Examination of mechanisms leading to autoimmune disease induction.

Main Results:

Immune reactions depend on receptor binding avidity, antigen quantity, and antigen exposure time in lymphatic tissues.
Infection or immunopathology can release normally ignored extralymphatic antigens into lymphatic organs.
These released antigens can initiate autoimmune responses.

Conclusions:

Understanding the factors controlling immune cell activation is crucial.
The distinction between immunopathologically mediated and autoimmune diseases can depend on the recognition of the initiating infection or antigen source.

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