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Lactate shuttles in nature.

G A Brooks1

  • 1Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, 5101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3410, U.S.A. GBrooks@Socrates.Berkeley.Edu

Biochemical Society Transactions
|May 25, 2002
PubMed
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Lactate is continuously produced and used, even in aerobic conditions, through cell-cell and intracellular shuttles. These shuttles deliver substrates and aid cell signaling, linking glycolysis and oxidative pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Lactate was traditionally considered a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism in muscle.
  • Recent research indicates lactate production and utilization occur continuously under aerobic conditions.

Observation:

  • Cell-cell lactate shuttles facilitate substrate exchange between different cell types (e.g., muscle fibers, neurons, astrocytes).
  • Intracellular lactate shuttles involve lactate transport within cells, such as into mitochondria and peroxisomes.
  • Mitochondrial lactate transport, coupled with lactate dehydrogenase, enables lactate oxidation in respiring cells.

Findings:

  • Lactate serves as a crucial substrate for oxidation and gluconeogenesis, not just a waste product.
  • Lactate shuttling is facilitated by monocarboxylate transporters and potentially scaffolding proteins.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evidence suggests lactate shuttling has an ancient evolutionary origin, observed even in yeast mitochondria.

    • Implications:

    • Lactate plays a significant role in cellular energy metabolism and signaling beyond its traditional role.
    • The findings challenge the view of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as alternative pathways, highlighting their interconnectedness via lactate.
    • Understanding lactate shuttles provides new insights into metabolic regulation in various tissues, including muscle, heart, and brain.