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Early molecular changes in bladder hypertrophy due to bladder outlet obstruction.
Brian J Flynn1, Hamayun S Mian, Peter J Cera
1Department of Urology, and Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822-2618, USA.
Urology
|May 29, 2002
Summary
Bladder outlet obstruction causes initial bladder hypertrophy, evidenced by increased weight and protein within 12 hours. Cellular hyperplasia, indicated by gene expression changes, follows after 24 hours.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Partial bladder outlet obstruction is a common cause of bladder dysfunction.
- Understanding the cellular mechanisms of bladder growth is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the temporal sequence of bladder mass increase and growth-associated gene expression during hypertrophy induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction.
Main Methods:
- Adult female rats underwent partial bladder outlet obstruction or sham surgery.
- Bladder weight, total protein, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, transcription factors (upstream binding factor, c-Jun), and cyclins (E, C) were analyzed at various time points.
- Western analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify protein expression.
Main Results:
- Bladder weight significantly increased in obstructed rats, reaching 486 mg by 168 hours, compared to controls (127 mg).
- Total bladder protein increased 1.8-fold after 12 hours and continued to rise.
- Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, transcription factors, and cyclins E/C increased after 24 and 48 hours of obstruction, respectively.
Conclusions:
- Early bladder growth (12 hours) is characterized by cellular hypertrophy, indicated by increased bladder weight and protein.
- Cellular hyperplasia occurs later (after 24 hours), as evidenced by elevated levels of transcription factors and cell cycle proteins.