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Related Experiment Videos

Extensive genomic duplication during early chordate evolution.

Aoife McLysaght1, Karsten Hokamp, Kenneth H Wolfe

  • 1Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Nature Genetics
|May 29, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Ancient genome duplications significantly shaped the vertebrate genome. This study reveals extensive paralogous regions in the human genome, supporting large-scale DNA duplications in early chordates.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The role of ancient genome duplications in vertebrate evolution is debated.
  • Previous studies lacked systematic, objective analyses of whole genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify paralogous chromosomal regions (paralogons) in the human genome.
  • To objectively analyze the contribution of ancient genome duplications to vertebrate genome evolution.
  • To estimate the ages of duplicate genes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of the draft human genome sequence.
  • Objective identification of paralogous chromosomal regions (paralogons).
  • Molecular clock analysis of human protein families with orthologs in fly and nematode.

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Main Results:

  • The human genome contains a significantly higher number of paralogons than expected by chance.
  • A burst of gene duplication activity occurred 350-650 million years ago.
  • Many duplicate genes from this period are located within identified paralogons.

Conclusions:

  • Results support the hypothesis that large-scale DNA duplications in early chordates formed/expanded many vertebrate gene families.
  • Findings are compatible with at least one round of polyploidy in early chordate evolution.