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Opportunity theory and adolescent school-based victimization.

Michelle Campbell Augustine1, Pamela Wilcox, Graham C Ousey

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0027, USA. mdcamp@fuse.net

Violence and Victims
|May 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Criminal opportunity theory helps explain school victimization. Exposure to crime and target antagonism are key predictors for both violent and property crimes among middle and high school students.

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Sociology of Education
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • School-based adolescent victimization is a significant public concern.
  • Existing research lacks robust theoretical frameworks to explain this phenomenon.
  • A gap exists in understanding the specific factors contributing to victimization within school settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a criminal-opportunity model explaining school-based victimization.
  • To identify key predictors of violent and property victimization among adolescents.
  • To compare the relevance of criminal opportunity theory across different school levels and victimization types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from over 3,000 students across 40 middle and high schools in Kentucky.

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  • Employed quantitative analysis to estimate the effects of opportunity-related concepts.
  • Compared findings for violent versus property victimization and across middle-school and high-school subsamples.

    • Main Results:

    • Criminal opportunity theory provides a relevant framework for understanding school victimization.
    • Exposure to crime and target antagonism emerged as significant predictors.
    • Opportunity-related variables demonstrated generalizability across violent and property victimization types.
    • Effects were consistent across middle-school and high-school contexts.

    Conclusions:

    • The criminal-opportunity model effectively explains adolescent victimization in schools.
    • Interventions focusing on reducing crime exposure and target antagonism may mitigate victimization.
    • Findings support the applicability of criminological theories to educational settings.