Related Experiment Videos
Handguns and ammunitions indicators extracted from the GSR analysis
Lebiedzik Jozef1, David L Johnson
1Advanced Research Instruments Corp., Wheat Ridge, CO 80033, USA.
Journal of Forensic Sciences
|June 8, 2002
Summary
Firearms Discharge Residue (FDR) analysis using automated scanning electron microscopy reveals weapon and ammunition details. This method identifies caliber, bullet type, and cartridge case material from particle shape and elemental composition.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Materials Science
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Firearms Discharge Residue (FDR) contains valuable forensic information.
- Traditional analysis of FDR focuses on Gunshot Residue (GSR) presence.
- Advanced analytical techniques can extract more detailed information from FDR.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate how automated scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of FDR can identify weapon and ammunition characteristics.
- To develop a classification scheme for FDR particles.
- To correlate FDR elemental composition with firearm and ammunition components.
Main Methods:
- Computer automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray microanalysis.
- Analysis of a large database of FDR samples from nine handguns and over 60 ammunitions.
- Classification of supporting particles within FDR.
- Normalization of particle type area concentration ratios to iron (Fe).
Main Results:
- FDR analysis provides information beyond simple GSR detection.
- Particle shape distribution and multi-element analysis indicate weapon and ammunition types.
- Distinctions were made regarding weapon caliber, bullet type (jacketed/plated), and cartridge case material (aluminum, brass, nickel-plated brass).
Conclusions:
- Automated SEM/X-ray microanalysis of FDR is a powerful tool for forensic investigations.
- FDR analysis can reveal specific details about the firearm and ammunition used.
- Standardization of these analytical schemes would enhance forensic casework.