CYP2D6.10 present in human liver microsomes shows low catalytic activity and thermal stability

Comparing bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activity among liver microsomes prepared from individuals whose CYP2D6 genotypes had been determined, we found that the activity tended to decrease depending on the number of the CYP2D6*10 allele. Pre-incubation of liver microsomes from individuals homozygous for the CYP2D6*10 allele resulted in a decrease in the enzyme activity more rapidly than those from individuals homozygous for the CYP2D6*1, suggesting that not only the catalytic activity but also the thermal stability of the enzyme appeared to be affected by the genetic polymorphism. To confirm this hypothesis, the kinetic parameters of CYP2D6.1 and CYP2D6.10 were compared for bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation and dextromethorphan O-demethylation using microsomes prepared from yeast transformed with plasmids carrying CYP2D6 cDNAs (*1A and *10B). Kinetic studies of these CYP2D6 forms indicated clear differences in the metabolic activities between the wild (CYP2D6.1) and the mutant enzymes (CYP2D6.10). Bufuralol 1(')-hydroxylase activity in microsomes of yeast expressing CYP2D6.10 was rapidly decreased by heat treatment, supporting the idea that the thermal stability of the enzyme was reduced by amino acid replacement from Pro (CYP2D6.1) to Ser (CYP2D6.10). These data strongly suggest that the thermal instability together with the reduced intrinsic clearance of CYP2D6.10 is one of the causes responsible for the known fact that Orientals show lower metabolic activities than Caucasians for drugs metabolized mainly by CYP2D6, because of a high frequency of CYP2D6*10 in Orientals.