[Catecholamines: biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, clinical aspects]

Catecholamines (CAs) realise activity of certain cerebral neurons, sympathoadrenal system and peripheral cells producing dopamine. CAs control metabolism, template biosynthesis, cytological, physiological and psychological processes. During recent 10-15 years complex employment of various interdisciplinary approaches (including molecular biology techniques) resulted in some important achievements. Cellular transporters and 10 individual receptors were discovered and studied. Basic mechanisms of CA signal transduction into nucleus and mitochondria, regulation of gene expression, hyperplasia, hypertrophy and biological oxidation have been recognised. It was found that besides central neurotransmitter action DA also acts as peripheral auto- and paracrinic hormone. CA participate in pathogenesis of many illnesses and in the defence mechanisms of a body. CA and related substances are effective and widely used drugs.