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Updated: Jul 31, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
09:04

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Published on: March 15, 2016

Vitamin E and the Y4 agonist BA-129 decrease prostate cancer growth and production of vascular endothelial growth

A Yu1, P Somasundar, A Balsubramaniam

  • 1Department of Surgery, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9238, USA.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|June 19, 2002
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Alpha-tocopherol succinate (ATS) and peptide YY (PYY) inhibit hormone-refractory prostate cancer growth. ATS reduces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, while PYY increases it, an effect abolished by ATS in combination therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Alpha-tocopherol succinate (ATS), a vitamin E form, induces apoptosis and inhibits hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PCa) growth.
  • Peptide YY (PYY) exhibits anti-cancer properties and synergizes with ATS in inhibiting breast and pancreatic cancer.
  • BA-129, a Y4 receptor agonist, shows growth inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of BA-129 and ATS on hormone-refractory prostate cancer growth.
  • To evaluate the impact of BA-129 and ATS on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • PC-3 human prostate cancer cells were treated with ATS, PYY, or BA-129 alone or in combination.
  • Cell growth was assessed using MTT assay and hemocytometry (trypan blue exclusion).
  • VEGF levels were quantified by ELISA; statistical significance was determined by ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • Both ATS and PYY demonstrated significant growth inhibition in PC-3 cells.
  • ATS treatment decreased VEGF production, whereas PYY treatment increased it.
  • Combination therapy with ATS and BA-129 further reduced VEGF production.

Conclusions:

  • PYY and ATS synergistically inhibit hormone-refractory prostate cancer growth.
  • ATS inhibits VEGF production, while PYY augments it; ATS counteracts PYY's effect on VEGF.
  • PYY plays a role in regulating prostate cancer growth and VEGF production.

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